By January 2026, the BASIC countries (Brazil, South Africa, India, and China) still did not commit to join the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) initiated by the International Civil Aviation Organization …
Civil aviation is now central to global climate discussions, yet cross-national disparities in emissions and carbon reduction burdens remain underexplored. This study constructs the first harmonized, multi-pollutant global aviation emissions …